Deep Plane Facelift (Rhytidectomy & Platysmaplasty)

Dr. Claytor here sharing with you what is a deep plane facelift, and how does it generate that kind of improvement? So here we have our lovely patient her before and her after. And so her biggest frustration is her neck and her jowls that have come down. What she’s looking for is a more youthful return to her previous self, and that’s really what we’re after. We’re not about changing people and making them look different. We want them to be the best version of themselves.

What happens when we age is we get facial descent our malar eminence. Our bone here, it involutes and everything drops down. What we start to see is downward descent of our face and that is exhibited not only in jowling down here, but also in excess neck and fat skin down here. It’s very very frustrating and patients come in frequently saying, “Listen this is not who I am. I look in the mirror and I don’t see myself.” And actually, in the flex view, it’s even worse. So the goal of this operation is to rejuvenate the patient’s aging elements, to go into the face and lift back vertically what had been falling down inferiorly. The way we do this is with very small little incisions that are hidden along the ear, what we call the hairline and the sideburn region. And then these come back and they’re hidden back behind the ear and then they come down along the hairline there so that they’re very well disguised. Not infrequently I will also go up into here which gives me access to be lifting in that orientation with this SMAS that is going to be lifted.

That takes us to what is the difference between a SMAS plication and a deep plane facelift. That question comes up every single time a patient comes in for a consultation. And so it’s a great question and so we’re going to answer it here. So here we have our platysma muscle in our neck it really has no function other than being a muscle of animation. You move it around and you can see your neck muscles move. It has nothing to do with actually moving your head. Right along here is our mandible and the mandible comes down along here. And so below the mandible is where you have your platysma muscle. Above the mandible is where you have your SMAS muscle which stands for sub-muscular aponeurotic system. So you go from skin to SMAS down to the muscle and then you go down deeper to the bone. So when people have a SMAS plication what’s happening is the SMAS aspect of it is lifted and plicated up here and it’s for a very very superficial lift that goes on generally about as such. And so you’re really only getting about that much lift. Some people will go down here with it and allow the whole area to lift up but that’s what a SMAS plication is. In the deep plane lift what we’re doing is we are going underneath that SMAS so this SMAS is continuing up here and so you’re making the incisions that we’ve marked here and we’re lifting up that tissue and we’re moving in underneath the skin layer and then we’re coming up to this SMAS.

What we do in the deep plane lift so this is the deep plane is that we make the incision pretty much from the lateral aspect of the eye down to the corner of the jaw sort of in this orientation. That’s where we make the incision down into this SMAS to go up underneath it so that’s what’s the deep plane aspect of it. And while we’re there we come across these retaining ligaments. These are very very stout ligaments that sit here and here and here, and they’re what keep the face soft tissue from being advanced superiorly. They’re sort of, if you will, giant stakes in the ground that are preventing anything from moving around. And so we need to go in and first in the deep plane dissection dissect into the spaces in between these retaining ligaments. So we dissect down into here, we dissect down into here, and we dissect down into here so those tongues, if you will, are opened up. And then we can very clearly see around what’s going on, and we come across the retaining ligaments as we try to connect these two. What makes this operation so challenging are the facial nerves that are traveling in this area. They are very delicate, they’re very small, and they need to be treated with tremendous caution. Interestingly the nerves run very close to the retaining ligaments, so as you’re releasing the retaining ligaments you need to be looking for the very delicate facial nerves. The facial nerves come out from underneath the ear into a pattern that’s somewhat like this. So you can see that the deep plane facelift basically goes right along where the facial nerves are moving from behind the ear out into innervating the facial musculature and again this is what makes this operation so incredibly technically challenging. But if you can understand these different tongues that are advanced into the tongues that are advanced in between the retaining ligaments and then, therefore, allow connection between these two to further release and identify and remove these retaining ligaments to release them. Once these retaining ligaments are released now this entire area is very mobile and can be repositioned, and so if you look at people on a three-quarter view (this is that three-quarter view), patients who have a very high cheek area have a very youthful and aesthetic appearance when we age that cheek area drops down. That three-quarter view you see that area drop down and then it bunches up down here in the jowls which is really what gives you that aged appearance so by mobilizing this SMAS after you’ve released the retaining ligaments now with sutures. Remember I said that this area gets lifted so imagine that this entire area is now lifted up this way now sutures can be attached once these areas are connected and the retaining ligaments have been released and you very delicately worked around the facial nerves and left them intact now the sutures can be secured here and up here and that’s what takes this tissue and elevates it superiorly. That’s what creates the tremendous power and effect of the deep plane facelift.

If we move over to our after patient why does she look different? She looks different because all of these tissues have been moved up and we’ve been able to reposition her malar eminence back in a more youthful position. That’s part of it. The other part of it is down in the neck. How do we create this beautiful jawline? Well the way you do that is by coming down along the mandible here and releasing that platysma muscle, again, needing to be very careful of the facial nerves, but these are similarly just like these tongues into and underneath this SMA. This is released along here generally almost to about the corner of the mouth or what we call the marionette line. And so the release of the platysma is all the way along to there and by releasing that now you’re able to take this platysma muscle, which is part of the hanging sagging skin of the neck, and lift it and reorient it. In addition all the fat that’s in here is removed. All that excess fat we take out now once that’s released the muscle is then elevated and secured back here back into the mastoid fascia and that’s what creates that incredibly powerful strong neckline and jawline. There’s the mandible. Now that muscle which used to go this way, now the muscle comes up here and it’s very nicely secured back to the mastoid fascia here. With the platysma muscle section underneath the jawline that creates this gorgeous sharp neckline an incredibly well-defined jawline in combination with the SMAS now being elevated up superiorly and secured in this orientation. It gives you five 10-year lifting result of rejuvenating and refreshing and giving you that youthful appearance. The big difference again between the SMAS plication and the deep plane face lift is in this SMAS plication. You’re really just reefing up a small portion and you’re not releasing the retaining ligaments as opposed to the deep plane face lift where you’re going in underneath the SMAS, you’re identifying the facial nerves, you’re identifying the retaining ligaments, and you’re releasing the retaining ligaments. I can’t stress enough really the biggest difference between this SMAS placation and the deep plane facelift is the ability to release those deep retaining ligaments. That’s what gives you that very sustainable and dramatic lift, and addresses the jowl, and addresses the cheek region, and gives you that youthful shape back to your face.

I hope you found this helpful. Looking forward to making more of these videos to help explain some of these complex issues that are becoming more commonplace when patients come in and they’re bringing up topics. The patients are coming in today much more educated, and it’s so fun to be able to share this information in a digestible form so that when you come in you’ve got a framework to ask the questions as you’re looking for your rejuvenation journey. Thanks so much.

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Surek CC, Moorefield A. Deep Plane Anatomy for the Facelift Surgeon: A Comprehensive Three-Dimensional Journey. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2022 May;30(2):205-214. doi: 10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.015. 

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